2MASS map (APOD 2007-12-11)
very beautiful.
我々は「すざく」衛星を用いて、Abell 1689 銀河団の観測を行った。 4つのポインティング観測(38 ks づつ)を行うことによって、この 銀河団のビリアル半径 (15.8 arcmin = 2.9 Mpc) までカバーした。
Authors: M. Kawaharada, K. Makishima, T. Kitaguchi, S. Okuyama, K. Nakazawa, and Y. Fukazawa
http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.5205
The nearby ($z=0.03015$) cluster of galaxies Abell 2199 was observed by Suzaku in X-rays, with five pointings for ~20 ks each. From the XIS data, the temperature and metal abundance profiles were derived out to ~700 kpc (0.4 times virial radius). Both these quantities decrease gradually from the center to peripheries by a factor of ~2, while the oxygen abundance tends to be flat. The temperature within 12' (~430 kpc) is ~4 keV, and the 0.5--10 keV X-ray luminosity integrated up to 30'is (2.9 +- 0.1) x 1E44 erg s^{-1}, in agreement with previous XMM-Newton measurements. Above this thermal emission, no significant excess was found either in the XIS range below ~1 keV, or in the HXD-PIN range above ~15$ keV. The 90%-confidence upper limit on the emission measure of an assumed 0.2 keV warm gas is (3.7--7.5) x 1E62 cm^{-3} arcmin^{-2}, which is 3.7--7.6 times tighter than the detection reported with XMM-Newton. The 90%-confidence upper limit on the 20--80 keV luminosity of any power law component is 1.8 x 10^{43} erg s^{-1}, assuming a photon index of 2.0. Although this upper limit does not reject the possible 2.1 sigma detection by the BeppoSAX PDS, it is a factor of 2.1 tighter than that of the PDS if both are considered upper limits. The non-detection of the hard excess can be reconciled with the upper limit on diffuse radio emission, without invoking the very low magnetic fields (< 0.073 uG) which were suggested previously.